Oil burner



July 1 1924.

J. A. BELAI'R l-:T Al.

' OIL BURNER Filed OCT.. 18, i922 Patented July l, 1924.

JOSEPH' A. BELAIR AND RUSSELL lVI. SCOTT, OF `MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA; SAID SCOTT ASSIGNOR TO JOHN DARCY, OF MONTREAL, CANADA.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed October 18, 1922. Serial No. 595,332.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, JOSEPH A. BnLAiRk and RUSSELL M. SooTT,both subjects of the King of Great Britain, and both residents of the city ofMontreal, in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new Vand useful Improvements in Oil Burners, of which thevfollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners, particularly designed for installation in heating apparatus such as domestic furnaces, andthe object of the invention `is to provide a simple, durable and inexpensive burner which may be easily yinstalled in existing heating apparatus.

A further object is to provide arburner which will be economicaland efficient in operation enabling complete combustion of the fuel. i

A still' further object isA to provider a burner capable of consuming almost any of the heavier grades of fuel oil as Vwell as crude oil and residuum.

Another object is to provide a burnery which when once in operation will burn even the heaviest liquid hydrocarbon fuels with a clean, smokeless flame. n

Still another objectis to provide a burner which will not be injured or destroyed by.

the heat of the flame. y

The device comprises generally a watercooled deflecting plate or baille adapted to be located in the fire box of a furnace, and

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having a central air passage to the Vupper end of which an air supply flue is connected. Below the air passage is a combustion cup upon which the fuel burns and betweenthe lower end of the passage and the combustion v'cup a mixing plate is provided having a central aperture through which liquid fuel may drop into the combustion cup. The combustion cup is mounted above an overflow receiving pan having suitable drainageV means. a Y

In the drawings which illustrate one embodiment Vof the invention Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a furnace partly in section and illustrating' the oil -burner in section disposed therein. Y

Fig. 2 is a Vside elevationV of a furnace partly in section to disclose the oil burnerV therein in elevation. Y

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mixingplate. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the overiow pan.

Referring more particularly tothe draw-i ings, 11 designates a` furnace of any suitable type, for example, a domestic hot water furnace as illustrated, having a fire box 12 provided in its lower part with grate supfv ports 13 and in its upper partv with a doorway 14. The usual ash pit 15 is located below the furnace.

lThe oil burner forming the subject of the present invention comprises a hollow anc nular body 16 adapted for connection at its lower part with any suitable number of pipes 17 designed to connect tothe return header of the furnace 1 1. The upper part of the body is adapted for connection Vto pipes 18 designed to connect withthedischarge header of the furnace. In this wav the hollow body 16 will be maintained full of water and thereby safeguarded against burning'out. Y l in a furnace other than of the ho,t water type lhere the burner is installed connection may be established between the rV body '16 and any suitable reservoir.- The body is disposed in the furnace 12 a short distance below the doorway 14. AAn air .i

conduit or flue 19 leads from the ,doorway in a downward direction and connects with'the4 upper end of the opening 2Oy of the annulus. Preferably Aany space in thel doorway around the flue 19 is closed by a plate 21. The body 1.6 may be supported in anyv "suitable way, either by the pipes 17 and 18 or otherwise. Y A fuelsupply pipe v22 having a con-V trol valve 23 therein extends into the flue 19 and is downwardly turned at its extremity 24, the extremity'being preferably located concentric with the opening 20 of the annular body.

A' plate 25 rests on the grate supports 13 and is provided, preferably lclose to its centre, with a plurality of apertures 26jfor the admission of air from the ash pit 15. I

An overflow pan 27 is mounted von the c plate 25 lso as to substantially overliethe so as to present auconvex lower surface -able shape but is preferably dishedas shown,

which will impart lateral direction to air-lofi,

entering the furnace through the apertures l 26. The panis .providedwith any; suitableA means to supportl a combustion cup, forl eg. ample, a spider-.work of ribs 29, i If the Supgh ports 29 are cfa natureto divide the pan L1 into sections connecting passages 30 are provided leading from each section to the drain pipe 28. The combustion cup, designated 31, is preferably a dished member sufficiently flattened in the ce-ntre of its convex surface to rest securely on the support 29. The material of this cup should be sufliciently thin to permit of the cup being quickly heated to a temperature which will gasify or vaporize liquid fuel placed therein. The combustion cup is preferably not connected to its support but merely rests securely thereon so that it may be readily removed for cleaning if such becomes necessary. The combustion cup is disposed concentrically of the overflow pan and is of slightly smaller diameter, as clearly shown, so that an overflow of fuel from any part of-the circumference will drop into the pan. The cup and pan are disposed a suitable distance below the body 16 and axially in line with the central opening 20 thereof.

An air mixing plate 32 is disposed between the combustion cup and the lower end of the passage 20. This mixer is preferably a dished plate disposed convex side down and provided with a plurality of openings 33, through which air may pass, and with a central opening 34 through which fuel may drop from the pipe 24% into the cup 31. The deflecting plate may be supported in any suitable way. One convenient method of support is to provide arms 35 on the edges of the plate adapted to project upwardly throughthe opening 20. The upper ends 0f these arms maybe provided with outwardly turned fingers 36 adapted to rest on the upper surface of the body to support the plate. Preferably the plate is of such a size that it may be withdrawn upwardly through the opening 20.

The operation of the device is as follows A small amount of fuel is admitted through the valve 23 and drops into the cup 31 where it is ignited for the purpose of heating the plate. Then the plate is sufliciently heated to gasify or vaporize the fuel, the valve 23 is adjusted to admit the desired amount of .fuel either as a steady stream or in drops, The fuel drops through the opening 20 of the body and through the opening 34 of the mixing plate and into the cup 31 where it burns. The flame arising from the cup is deflected radially by the plate 32 and thus bathes the lower surface of the body. rlhe .plate forms a barrier preventing flame rising through the opening 20, the plate apertures being too small to give passage to the flame. lThe natural draught of the heating apparatus draws air in through the flue 19, which air is directed downwardly by the flue and passage`20 and then laterally by the plate 32 so as to mingle with the flame bathing the lower surface of the body. A certain amountof air flows through the openings 33 and 34 of the plate and mixes with the llame. In addition, the natural draught draws air up through the openings 26 to mingle with the flame. delivered above the flame and below the flame and also throughthe apertures 33 into the very centre of the flame. An adequate supply of oxygen and a very complete mixing of the same with the flame is thus obtained so that a very efficient combustion results. The laterally directed streams of flame and air strike the walls of the furnace and are thereby further intermingled. Any

supply of oil in excess of what will burn in the cup overflows into the pan 27 and drains away through the pipe 28. By this arrangement of air supply it is found possible to dispense with blowers and all manner of fuel atomizing or other pressure depices and to Vobtain a hot, smokeless flame and very eflicient combustion. rllhe bulk of the combustion takes place below the body 16 but a certain amount occurs above the body and serves to heat the flue 19 so that the infiowing air isV heated and does not chill the flame. rl`he burner is practically noiseless in operation and thereby overcomes one of the great disadvantages of liquid fuel burning apparatus for domestic purposes. The flame heats the body 16 so that the water therein is heated and rises through the pipes 18 directly into the circulatory system of a hot water furnace, being re; placed by water drawn through the pipes 17 directly from the circulatory system. By this means the large body of water in the boiler 11 is short-circuited for a short time after the burner is in operation. rfhe eect of this is the early establishment of a supply of hot water in the circulatory system which renders the device particularly serviceable in the spring and autumn months or in mildV climates where only a little heat is required. After the burner has been in operation for a while and the main body of water in the boiler becomes heated itv will enter into the circulation. rllhe device is very simple, durable and inexpensive in construction and may be easily applied to existing furnaces. The body 16 constitutes in reality a baffle to deflect the flame and assist in thorough mixing of gas and air. Without cooling this baflle would, in a short time, be burned out but when cooled by establishment of a water circulation therethrough the device becomes practically indestructible and has the additional advantage of supplying comparatively large amounts of hot water very rapidly.

Having thus described our` invention, what we claim is 1. In a device of the class described, an annular hollow defiecting member, an air flue leading to the upper end of the openlt will thus be seen that air is ing thereof and connected to the member in a manner to exclude furnace gases, a combustion cup disposed below the deflecting member and means for dropping liquid fuel through the opening of the deflecting member into the cup.

2. In combination with a furnace, a plate substantially closing the lower part of said furnace, said plate being apertured around a solid central portion, an overflow pan supported on the central portion of said plate and overlying the apertures thereof and serving to give lateral direction to air entering through the plate apertures, a combustion cup above the pan, a flame dellecting means above the cup, and means for admitting air in a downwardly directed stream into contact with the flame arising from the 13?. In a device of the class described, a combustion cup, means located thereabove to give lateral direction to flame arising from the cup, means to supply air above and below the flame, and means to give lateral direction to the air above and 'below the combustion cup.

l. A device of the class described, a combustion cup, means to give lateral direction to flame arising from the cup, means to 1v supply air above and below the cup, means f" tures, a combustion cup, an annular flame deflecting means located above the cup and below the doorway adapted to direct flame2 against the wall of the furnace, and an air flue leading from the furnace doorway to the opening of said deflecting means and formed to supply air in a downward direction to the flame arising from said cup.

6. In a device of the class described, a combustion cup, a flame deflecting means thereabove apertured above the cup, and an apertured plate interposed between the cup and deilecting means to exclude flame from the aperture thereof, and means to discharge liquid fuel to pass unconfined through the Q apertures of the deflecting means and plate to the cup.

7. In a device of the class described, a

combustion cup, a fuel conduit terminating above the combustion cup, and a flame deflecting means interposed between the cup and the end of said conduit to exclude flame from theconduit, said means being provided with an aperture sufliciently large for the passage of unconlined fuel and too small for the passage of flame.

8. In a device of the class described, a combustion cup, means to supplyl fuel to the cup, means to admit air beneath the cup,

means to admit air above the cup, air deo fleeting means above and beneath the cup and separate therefrom, the upper dellecting means serving also as a llame deflecting means and being apertured for admission of air to the centre of a flame, and additional flame deflecting means above said upper defleeting member.

9. In a device of the class described in combination with a furnace having a doorway, a plate substantially closing the `bottom of the yfurnace and having a central air inlet, a combustion cup disposed above the air inlet, a drip cup disposed between the combustion cup and air inlet and serving to direct air from the inlet laterally of the combustion cup, a hollow annular flame deflecting means above the cup, a fuel conduitl terminating above the cup, a dellecting plate interposed between the end of the fuel conduit and the cup having an opening for passage of unconfined fuel, which opening is too small for the passage of flame, said plate serving also to exclude llame from the central opening of the annular deflecting means, an air conduit leading from the furnace doorway to the central opening of said annulus, and means for circulating water j our hands.

JOSEPH A. BELAIR. RUSSELL M. SCOTT.' 

